Were not the ancient Egyptian civilization civilized slip at the age of time. Because their civilization was the civilization and individual Basmadtha huge achievement and originality. This is bestowed upon the credibility of the originality of all civilizations. Or making it the undisputed world civilizations. This civilization Mkotha and more impressed and famous among the ancient civilizations. We have had a civilization ancient Egyptians The Ancient Egyptians Civilization along the Nile River in northeastern Africa since 5000 BC. M. To the year 30 BC. .. M The longest continuity of the ancient world civilization, the ancient Egyptian civilization mean in terms of geography of this civilization, which originated in the valley and the Nile Delta, where he lived the ancient Egyptians. It is the cultural aspect refers to the civilization, language and rituals, customs and organization of their lives and running their own life, administrative, and their understanding of the nature around them and their dealings with their neighbors they are the first people of domesticated cats.
The River Nile, which revolves around ancient Egyptian civilization Npa over the hills of eastern Africa, Abyssinia, the sources of the Nile in southern Sudan, heading north from the Sudan to Egypt to the flood comes every year to feed the soil with silt. This phenomenon is made of natural flood Egypt's economy is in sleep renewed dependent mainly on agriculture. It helped at the emergence of civilization is also free of clouds and sky brightness of the sun supervising almost throughout the year to extend the ancient Egyptians Ieddfou and light. Egypt is also protected from the neighbors to the west desert and the sea from the north and east, and the presence of waterfalls (the cataract) in the south of heart on the Nile to the ground, making it almost deserted. In this land back two of the seven wonders of the world. The two pyramids at Giza and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. The plant was the oldest archaeological site of heart.
And 6000 years ago was a grazing area by the summer rains fall grazing cattle until 4899 years ago when it rains receded. Discovered the stone circles in the region has Scanbh communities, including the village of feeding it was 18 well water under the surface of the tiles Majuleci building a large statue of a cow-like sculpture of a large rock. The village consists of 18 beta. And the cemetery where many of the cattle on the structures found in the rooms of the mud. This indicates that the population they worship cows. Found stoves were used. And bones of deer and hares and pottery sherds and decorated ostrich egg shells. But does not have a burial or human waste in the plant. This indicates that the formerly nomadic Bedouin come every summer to plant, where water and pasture. And marriage, trade and the establishment of religious rituals.
In the field of astronomy, we find that the ancient Egyptians had set up oldest observatory in the world and before the era of pyramid-building since the period of time by the sun and the stars where they set up the stone Mijalithat evidence Megaliths. It is a circle of stone erected since 7000 years in the southern desert of Egypt. Almijalathat before the establishment of sites in England, Britain and Europe a thousand years as a famous Stonehenge.
The plant site was discovered several years ago and consists of a small stone circle. Oppe bones of cattle and five diagonal lines of stones and tiles Ahadjrbh revealed by the diagonal at a distance of a mile from the site and some are up 9 feet. Each slab buried soil above the rock which is flat. This site is heading for the four cardinal points and determines the solar equinox. Active and a small stone circle by the bones of cattle and five lines of Majulithat italic. This was the site was built on the shores of Lake congregate in rain water in summer time. Where herds of cattle were driven to the plant in the Neolithic period since 10 thousand years. The nomadic herdsmen come to in the rainy season, even years since 4800, where the monsoon receded towards the south of the region Ghellab to become barren.
This was a small circle 12 feet in diameter with four groups of tiles, where the menu can be seen ahead. The two groups Tottagha the north and south and the other two groups on the horizon Tottagha moderation solar summer. The strain of those years after 2000 have been displaced by the Nile Valley and established the ancient Egyptian civilization, especially after Oagafrat this pastoral region and climate change. And settled in 4000 BC. M. Upper Egypt, especially in the old Nejn and Naqada and Abydos (See accommodated in). This spatial stability make the ancient Egyptian culture and creativity Mdnithm on their land.
Vojdoa science, literature and traditions, customs, literature, stories, myths, and left after them recordings mural on papyrus manuscript, and to inculcate this culture, innovative. Vcedoa Kalohramat massive buildings and temples and tombs, which has defied time. In addition to manuscripts, drawings, Anakouchet and color images, which remained until today.
They were treated papyrus to make a thin Atmarh him and wrote the history, science, customs and traditions to be the message for their grandchildren and the world. They were writing them in hieroglyphic writing is graphic in which the symbol expresses the image are known. And created concepts in arithmetic, geometry, and studied medicine, dentistry and worked them to the calendar by observations of the sun and stars. Although the ancient Egyptians worshiped many gods but the unification of divine call came at the hands of King Akhenaten ideological feature. They are also the first to Souroaptda doctrine of life in the Hereafter
These concepts were not found at other peoples. And built and decorated with ornate tombs and Btathetha have to live with an eternal existence. Egypt was the superpower in the world was old and the political influence often extends his influence to neighboring countries in east Asia and west Africa. Heart and to the south and Puntland to Yemen. The ancient Egyptians call their land Kemet Kimmitt any ground black because the Nile silt and the supplies it was also called rationalization Deshret any ground reference for the color red sands of the desert that burns under the sun. The abundance of the flood water has made them Avemun network of irrigation and agriculture, made the boat for navigation, transport and fishing river.
And gave them the land of precious gems and metals such as gold, silver and copper. They exchange goods with neighboring countries. And history of Egypt we find start since 8000 BC. M. In South East Egypt at the north-eastern border with Sudan. The people who came to her sponsors, and this area was a magnet where he was the sensitivity of the plains for grazing and climate was welcoming and the lakes of water from seasonal rains. The monuments show that they were settlers there tending the cattle. They left behind them huge buildings in 6000 BC. M.
The agriculture began in the town of Badari in six 5000 BC. M. The settlers are planting in Fayoum Badari thousand years ago. The city of Mermaid Delta on its western border since 4500 BC. M. Bhutto appeared in the town of pottery decorated pottery is different from the model, in Upper Egypt. There was a difference between the ancient Egyptians between Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt in the faith and way of burying the dead and architecture. The King Menes in 3100 BC. M. And united the two countries (of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt). And he put his head on the white symbolizes the Thrones of the face of tribal and the Red Sea for the face. And make the King of Memphis Memphis Mena united capital and was located west of the Nile at Giza and Abydos cemetery property, which moved to Saqqara during the era of the Old Kingdom. See the pyramids.
The population of Egypt before the era of dynasties (5000 BC. M. - 3000 BC. M.) Not exceed hundreds of thousands, during the Old Kingdom (2575 BC. M. --2 134 BC. M.) Reached the 2 million people, during the Middle Kingdom (2040 BC. M. - 1640 BC. m.) increased in number and during the new Kingdom (1550 BC. m. - 1070 BC. m.) Aladdinm reached 3-4 million. In the Hellenistic period (332 BC. M .- 30 BC. M.) Reached No. 7 million people. Egypt and then entered the Roman era. The Egyptians adjacent river. Because it was a farming community of Memphis and Thebes two important when each of the capital.
And education and writing was independent in ancient Egypt and was confers limited writing and reading between the small proportion of the ruling elite or clerks in the administrative apparatus. The sons of the royal family and the ruling elite learn minors. And the rest of the people who were educated in schools or temples Mounzul. He was confined to the education of girls to read and write at home. The teachers were strict and use multiplication
The callus school learning to read and write and write letters and other texts. The manuscripts were kept in the house of life, a house in the conservation of each temple and more like a library. He was educated in ancient Egypt were studying arithmetic, geometry and fractions and addition and medicine. I found books in internal medicine, surgery and pharmaceutical treatment and veterinary dentistry. The copy all books, including literature and religious texts.
The Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799 during the French campaign was carved in 196 BC. M. Therefore, three languages and hieroglyphic Aldemutqah (Coptic, the language of modern means to the ancient Egyptians) and Greek. At the time of the discovery of the mystery of language Ivsr for hundreds of years ago. Because the first two languages were at the time of the dead languages. Until he came to the French scientist Jean-Francois Champollion, and interpreted such language after the matched text Greek and hieroglyphic texts of the other. This indicates that these languages were prevalent during the reign of the Ptolemaic Greeks of Egypt for more than 150 years
The hieroglyphic language spoken in religious temples and demotic language was the language of writing the popular language of the rulers and Greek Greeks. The content of writing in praise of the Pharaoh Musroanjazath good for the priests and people of Egypt. Was written by priests to public and private reading of senior Egyptian and the ruling class. Champollion was able to decode hieroglyphics in 1822 to open the horizons become acquainted with the civilization of the ancient Egyptians and decryption Olgazha sciences and the translation after the revival of their language after Muatha over the centuries. The hieroglyphic and Ibhaddatha considering anyone who wants to study Egyptology. Then developed the hieroglyphic Heratqah Damutqah then to then for a Coptic.
.The ancient Egyptians to their calendar time since the early stage and was based on the Mlahzanam of the sun and the stars the sky and the dates of the Nile flood every year. They use their calendar to record historical events and festivals and scheduling decisions Narich property. The first attempt to make a calendar in 8000 BC. M. When making stone circles (see: Afbara. And Stonehenge) in the far south-west corner Egypt.
It was used to monitor the stars and their movements. They divided the day 24-hour (12 day and 12 night) and week 10 days month 3 weeks or 30 days. Year and 12 months. It was divided into three classes each semester of 4 months. The year was equivalent to 360 days. The ancient Egyptians, then add 5 days every day of this five-day gala birthday to indicate a god. And this year will be a full Pharaonic 365 days. That is about the convergence of the solar year now, except for the difference in the fourth day of each calendar year, did not know well on every 4 years
.The ancient Egyptians Balgdid creative works of innovative and awe-inspiring to the world both in embalming (Article), music, sculpture, literature, painting, architecture and drama. After days of consolidation Mbena become religious belief have the attributes of the official gods and pluralism in theology and the environment have an impact on religious thought and worship, where the Pharaonic gods taken a human or animal forms, or a mixture of them. These forms Gesdwiha ancient Egyptians forces of nature and its elements. And the formation of myths and stories about their gods and their world to understand the complex interactions in the universe around them.
Religious belief played a big role in their lives and have had their impact on art and on their thoughts about life in the Hereafter and the idea of the resurrection and their relationships Bgamanm. The Art Kalnan and bilateral dimensions of the drawing on the walls of temples, tombs and coffins coffins of the dead and the dead and papyrus. The Egyptian artists Iggsmon Bmlamhaa expressive portraits Ttin rate of time and space in these pictures for Atabr Alkhlodomn through hieroglyphic drawings that accompany and be part of the wonderful work of art. The name of the statue is placed on the base or side
And we find pyramids reflect the grandeur of architecture to the ancient Egyptians. This wild huge tombs have four triangular walls converge at the point of the hill summit, representing the primitive origin of life in the myths of creation, or represent the strong sunlight. We have built a pyramid of about 100 and as a house of rest for their rulers after death. The temple is square on the east-west direction of the line of sunrise and sunset. The ancient Egyptians believed that the model of the temple built by humans can be a natural environment suitable for the gods. Have benefited from the ancient Egyptians, Greeks in sculpture, architecture, philosophy and theology (see: Amenhotep) .. We have the ancient Egyptians were masters of art works of stone, metal and glass and the normal color.
Detection and exploration on the effects of pre-historic era in Egypt since 6000 years BC. M. The presence of archaeological sites on the border with Egypt, South Sudan, where they were found to burial sites and the establishment of Aloebad, ceremonies and graves for the livestock, which indicates the consecrated. The graves were found on the human handicraft items, weapons and utensils dating back to this era, which indicates the existence of the doctrine of after death. The doctrine of the ancient Egyptians represented the sun based on the doctrine of Ra and Horus and the furnace and Khepri. And the moon, represented in the doctrine of Tut and Khonsu and the earth, represented by the doctrine of pocket. The sky goddess Nut and Tefnut Shuo god wind and humidity. Isis and Osiris, the rulers of the underworld. Most of these myths the gods took place around them. And became Amon Ra and after the merger represented the doctrine of Amon - Ra as king of the gods.
There was a local goddess worshiped in Egypt, region-specific. The king was the high priest practiced rituals of the festivals and the priests were performed in a normal day temples. The ordinary people of the Aadkhalunha only to serve. The Egyptians are interested in life after death and cemeteries and living Izinunha Ejehzona and pictures and furniture. They were mummified after death care (article) Dead. They were put in coffins spells and amulets around the mummy. They write texts on magic or its fabric on the walls of the cemetery and papyrus to bury him. It was texts for the protection and guide him in the underworld.
In ancient Egypt the king was the absolute ruler and spiritual leader and the link between the people and the gods. He was supported by the minister and the administrative system and followed by priests. The king was the commander of the army and his generals and the soldiers of the Egyptian army at the age of twenty-fifth, even forty years. The sentence was genetically between children in most of the time with the exception of Horemheb (1319 BC. M.) Who was the leader and his successor, Ramses I, who was not of royal blood. Rarely was a woman, except for control Egypt Hatshepsut, who ruled in the family, 18 after the death of her husband, Thutmose II in 1479 BC. M. And shared governance, with Thutmose III
.The Egyptians believed that the center of a divine king and the king a god. After his death lead him to the rituals remain a god. He was nicknamed usually the owner and the King of the Two Lands of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt (Delta in the north and the valley to the south. The economy of Egypt, the people on agriculture dependent on the Nile, which was Amadmsr water and crop varieties such as grain, particularly barley, wheat, fruits and vegetables. And Mmazm agricultural land was the property of the king and the temples. The sweep method of irrigation after the retreat of the flood. I have discovered several mummies reserved found all over the world in all continents where follow mummification mummification in all continents. and the word origin of the word mummy hieroglyphics "mm", which means wax or tar, which was used in the mummification process.
Was derived from the word Mummy later Aantchert and then to the Indo-European languages. This word mummy apply to all human remains of soft tissues. And mummification may be present in every continent but the way the ancient Egyptians linked in some way for this is attributed to them. The first study of the mummies were in the 19th century. Egyptian mummies, and not just for the rolls of linen cloth is damaged by the dead bodies only. But a way to permanent homes for life. And this is how fraudulent the death.
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